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Disodium diphosphate is a chemical additive and preservative. It has many aliases. Disodium diphosphate also is known as disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and disodium pyrophosphate. It also has the name sodium acid pyrophosphate. This chemical is an odorless white powder and, because it has a valance of greater than two, it can bond to many other chemicals.

1. Conversion

   • It can covert sodium nitrite into nitrogen dioxide. Sodium nitrite is a colorless or yellowish hydrophilic salt that is a meat preservative and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It can widen blood vessels as well. Nitrogen dioxide is a strongly oxidizing, poisonous reddish-brown gas. This is one area in which conversion to another substance is not needed

   GRAS

   • Disodium diphosphate either colors food or prevents discoloration. It is used to color hot dogs in their packaging. It also is used in commercially packaged hash browns to prevent the potato from oxidizing and browning. It is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance in the use of food, but there are warnings of excessive use because it may lead to imbalanced levels of minerals in the body and bone loss.

   Baking Bread

   • Disodium diphosphate is used in canned seafood to retain color and to prevent decomposition during transport from the production plant to stores. It also is used as a leavening agent for different kinds of breads. A leavening agent is a substance that acts like yeast to make bread rise.

   Industrial Uses

   • Disodium diphosphate is a buffering agent and a Lewis base, a base that gives away electrons, drawing it near to other compounds. It neutralizes other substances. It also has industrial uses. It can remove iron stains and stabilize hydrogen peroxide. It is used to clean the machine used in dairy farms. It also is used to remove hair from pigs and feathers from poultry before they are led to slaughter. It is used in making plastics, too.

   Making Cheese

   • Disodium diphosphate is added to rennet casein as a food preservative and to make certain foods edible. Rennet is the lining of cattle stomach (tripe) used for curdling milk. Casein is a phosphoprotein of milk. It is produced when rennet curdles milk. Disodium diphosphate also makes milk curdle or coagulate and is used as a principal substance in making cheese.

If you find a tick on yourself, your child or your pet, remove it as quickly as possible. Ticks can latch onto your clothes, skin or pet's fur as you hike through the woods, walk through tall grass or simply play in the backyard. Ticks often move to a warm, moist part of the body, such as the armpit, hair or groin, where they bite and feed by sucking blood. Though most are harmless, ticks can spread diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Colorado tick fever.

Difficulty:

Moderately Easy

Instructions

Things You'll Need

• Tweezers
• Jar
• Rubbing alcohol
• Soap
• Water

1. • 1

     Use the tweezers to grasp the tick firmly by its head, getting as close to the mouth as possible. The tweezers should rest right next to the skin.

   • 2

     Pull back slowly and forcefully. The tick's mouthpart, called the hypostome, is covered with sharp barbs that lock into the skin. They also secrete a glue-like substance that may make it difficult to remove the tick. Try not to crush the tick's body.

   • 3

     Pluck the tick free from the skin and either toss it in the trash, flush it down the toilet or preserve it in a jar filled with alcohol if you want to further examine the type and potential health risks that the tick may present.

   • 4

     Pull the mouth parts of the tick out with tweezers If they remain in the skin after you have removed the tick. if you cannot remove them, the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine suggests seeking medical assistance.

   • 5

     Swab the bite area with alcohol, and wash with warm, soapy water.

Tips & Warnings

• Commercial tick removers are available, such as Sawyer Tick Pliers, Ticked Off and Pro-Tick Remedy. If you or a loved one is concerned about the tick spreading any diseases or are displaying any symptoms, such as fever, rash, headache or flu, take the tick to your doctor for further examination.

• According to American Family Physician, never apply any substances to the tick, such as petroleum jelly, nail polish or nail polish remover. It also says you should not try to burn the tick with a match or hot needle.

Hair loss is something that many of us will have to deal with at some point in our lives. It can happen for any number of reasons, including stress, aging, heredity and grooming practices. Although there is no way to re-grow all of the hair you have lost overnight, you can do a few things to stop your hair loss and promote new hair growth.

1. Stopping Hair Loss

   • If you notice that you are losing more hair than usual, there are some things you should do immediately to stop or slow your hair loss. The first thing you should do is switch to a very mild shampoo and conditioner. Avoid washing your hair every day, as this strips your hair of its natural oils. Avoid using any kind of harsh chemical treatments or dyes on your hair and do not brush or comb your hair when it is wet.

   Olive Oil Remedy

   • Olive oil can help you re-grow hair you have lost and give you thicker, healthier hair. Try applying three tablespoons of olive oil to your scalp and hair before you go to bed. Massage the olive oil gently into your scalp and then wrap your head with a towel. In the morning, use a gentle shampoo to wash away the oil.

   Onion Remedy

   • Although they can be rather smelly, onions are actually quite good at increasing blood circulation, which makes them great for promoting hair growth. Simply cut a fresh onion in half and rub it on your scalp until the skin begins to tingle slightly. You will need to wash your hair after you are done to get rid of the smell. Doing this on a regular basis, or even daily, is sure to help you re-grow hair.

   Bell Pepper Remedy

   • Bell peppers may have some properties which can help to encourage hair growth. Chop some fresh peppers into small pieces, then allow them to dry on a paper towel. When the pieces are dry, boil them in water for approximately 8 minutes. The shorter your hair is, the less water you want to use. After the mix cools completely, pour it over your hair in the shower and then rinse out.

   Aloe Vera Remedy

   • Aloe vera is great for promoting natural hair growth. Just take the leaves fresh from the plant, cut open and massage the pulp and juices into your scalp and hair. Leave on for 30 minutes, then rinse out. Not only will the aloe vera help your hair begin to grow back, but the rest of your hair will certainly benefit from all its moisturizing properties.

Keeping your hair straight all day can be a challenge, especially in extremely humid weather. But there are measures you can take to battle the elements and keep your locks "surfer girl straight" for as much of the day as possible. Just how much work you have to put into it depends on how much curl you are straightening. Hair that is just wavy or that curls only with humidity has a better chance for success than tresses that border on frizzy. You may need nothing more than a round brush and a hairdryer. Or, it may take straightening serums or hairsprays and an upscale ceramic hair straightener.

Difficulty:

Moderately Easy

Instructions

Things You'll Need

• Blow dryer (1500-1800 watt)
• Large round brush with firm, but soft bristles
• Ceramic flat iron
• Straightening serum
• Hairspray

1. • 1

     Wash your hair as you always do. Condition it to protect it from the straightening iron that you'll use later. Towel dry your hair.

   • 2

     Massage about 1 tbsp. of straightening product evenly through damp hair. If your hair is past your shoulders, use as much as twice this.

   • 3

     Gently blow-dry your hair on the lowest heat setting. You can focus on one section of hair at a time to help get it entirely straight. Gently brush your hair from root to ends while drying it with blow dryer. Positioning hair away from head, pull and straighten it with a brush, stretching the hair. Aim the brush down, not up, to straighten most effectively.

   • 4

     Work in more straightening serum as you dry. Curlier hair will need a few drops worked in by hand periodically as you dry your hair.

   • 5

     Finish with a hair straightener. Ceramic flat iron straighteners are recommended as the final step. Slide the heated flat iron along divided sections of hair.

   • 6

     Consider rebonding. If nothing you try at home works, talk to a stylist about rebonding, a straightening process that lasts for about six months.

Tips & Warnings

• Daily straightening can be very hard on your hair. If you straighten every day, you need to deep condition your hair at least bi-weekly to avoid split ends and broken strands.